If you buy them from a garden center, make sure the crystals aren't colored. This often indicates they have fertilizer mixed in them.
Specifically, the gels are polyacrylamide. This is a polymer refined from petroleum and is sort of like a plastic. It's very porous and will hold a lot of water.
Don't know if anyone out there is interested, but it's also used to make gel used for protein separations and an old-fashioned technique of DNA/RNA separation called gel electrophoresis. A sheet of gel is made and, using a low voltage electric current, the proteins or DNA/RNA fragments are pulled toward the other end of the gel based on their electrical charge. The pores that hold the water for insect lovers provide avenues of travel for the proteins. So, the more strongly attracted to the opposite electrical charge at the other end of the gel that the protein is, the faster the protein will make its way through the gel. Fast proteins are at the far end, slow proteins are at the near end. Add a little bit of stain and you will have a series of horizontal bands showing the proteins' locations. This is the film they put on the light box on CSI or Law and Order to show the person's DNA analysis.
Frank