here's the website karrieree mentioned.
Nutrition Content ignore what it says about kale. it has been studied further since the link was made and is a great staple food.
our main foods rotate between kale, dandelion greens, collard greens, mustard greens, and watercress for greens. added to that are various colored bell peppers, sweet potato, squash, and zucchini. fruit is once a week because of the sugars and varies between raspberries, blueberries, or grapes. the salads get bee pollen granules added, usually about 1/2 a teaspoon. sir henry refuses to eat anything with powder on it, so he gets liquid calcium 3x a week and liquid vitamins 1x a week. since he is 2, he only gets bugs 3x a week, 3-5 dubia roaches per feeding.
work with karrieree on the lighting. she is one of the ones i was expecting to ask you a lot of questions. the lighting and temps are truly crucial, but once you have them sorted out there won't be much that needs to be changed. it is the first/easiest thing to rule out when a dragon is having problems. then once past that we can trouble shoot other things. this may well answer all the poop questions you have.
for testing temperatures, a digital probe thermometer is the best thing. ideally you want one for the cool side and one for the hot side. i use a third one for the middle, but that's just because i have a 4'x2'x2' enclosure and don't want to move them around. you do not need 3. IR temp guns can be used as back up for spot checks, but there are some materials they will read temp wrong off of, so the probes are the best.
Zoo Med Reptile Terrarium Digital Thermometer | reptile Bearded Dragon | PetSmart